The advance of medical technology and the extended life expectancy have the elderly face more multiple problems. To cope with the aging society, the government and social welfare units should stress more on the elderly welfare, health care, and assistance in daily life. Young population migrating to cities for better job and life, female manpower largely involving in the labor market, large change in family structure, and rapidly increase in the elderly population have resulted in more situations of the elderly living alone. Aiming at the elderly in Shanghai, as the research objects, total 500 copies of questionnaire are distributed, and 364 valid copies are retrieved, with the retrieval rate 73%. The research results conclude 1. significantly negative effects of perceived health condition on medical ecology service use, 2. remarkably positive effects of social support on perceived health condition, and 3. notably negative effects of social support on medical ecology service use. According to the results, suggestions are proposed, expecting to provide reference for social affairs units promoting the inadequacy so that the elderly are able to independently take care of themselves. It would reduce national health care expenditure and enhance the elderly satisfaction with life.